Radiotherapy is an important modality for both curative and palliative treatment of cancer. It can be used either in combination with, e.g., surgery and/or chemotherapy or as the sole treatment modality. The proportion of cancer patients that would benefit from external beam radiation therapy, at least once during their illness, has been calculated to be 52% (Delaney et al 2005). It has been estimated that about half of the cancer cases in Sweden receive radiotherapy (Ringborg et al 2003). During the treatment planning phase the treatment setup and dose distributions inside a patient can be visualized the aim of current study is to assess the accuracy of the various algorithms of eclipse treatment planning system in versus data measured

The issue of burnout is among factors that influence retention in an organization as well as the health of that institution including survivability. This research was undertaken to examine the burnout level of workers in a higher-level educational institution in Central Jamaica, and to identify factors influence burnout of the workers. It provides an analysis and evaluation of contributing factors. The conclusion includes a list of recommendations which can be implemented to address issues identified in the analysis. This study employed a quantitative research design that was cross-sectional in nature. It was a cross-sectional probability sample survey (i.e., stratified random sampling) of workers in the higher-level educational institution. A standardized instrument was used to collect the data for this research. This survey instrument was used to provide data on which this study answered the research questions on factors that determine burnout among workers. The survey instrument was a standardized questionnaire comprising 45 questions, with none being open-ended. The instrument also contained Socio-demographic, Social items, including items on burnout. The participants of the study consisted of workers who are currently at work for December 2017. The sample frame consisted of 522 personnel who are employed at the above-mentioned institutions for a minimum of one month—the sampling frame was obtained from the human resource department, from which the sample size was computed for this study. Stratified random sampling was used to select the workers who are likely to participate in the study. The sampled population was 222 workers, with a response rate of 70 per cent (n=164 workers). The current findings revealed that 43 out of every 50 employees are experiencing a high-level of burnout, and age is a negative factor of depersonalization and personal achievement. Another critical finding of this study is a high-level of reduced personal achievement experienced by staff members. Hence being employed to a higher educational institution does not reduced a high level of stress, and so this has meaning for the social psychology in organization.

Major depressive disorder is a medical condition that influences peoples’ mood, behaviour and decision-making skills. Despite knowledge on this medical condition, for centuries, religious leaders have suffered from this disorder; yet a dearth of empirical information is available on the matter. A comprehensive review of the literature unearths not a single study that has examined the psychological state of religious leaders in Jamaica. Objective: This study seeks to: 1) examine the prevalence of mental health conditions among religious leaders in Central Jamaica, 2) evaluate the relationship between healthcare-seeking behaviour and self-reported mental health conditions among religious leaders in Central Jamaica, 3) ascertain whether there are more female than male-religious leaders who reported suffering from major depression, 4) examine the state of fatigue and emotional well-being among religious leaders in Central Jamaica, and whether these differ based on selfreported major depression, 5) examine emotional well-being, self-reported depression, self-reported noncommunicable diseases, gender, and age, and whether they influence general fatigue of religious leaders in Central Jamaica, 6) evaluate leadership styles and fatigue of religious leaders in Central Jamaica, and 7) determine whether there is a statistical relationship between major depression and health status. Methods and materials: A correlational research design was used for this research, with a sample of 206 religious-leaders in Central Jamaica. A standardized questionnaire was developed to evaluate the various research objectives. Results: Three and four-tenth per cent of the sampled respondents indicated that they suffer from major depression. The emotional well-being of the sampled respondents was a moderate one (40.0±10.4, 95%CI: 38.5- 41.4, from a maximum value of 80.0). On the other hand, general fatigue was high among the sampled respondents (50.1±11.3, 95%CI: 48.5-51.7, from a maximum value of 85.0). It was found that only emotional well-being and age emerged as factors of general fatigue among religious leaders in Central Jamaica (F[2,173]=12.847, P < 0.0001) that accounted for 11.9 per cent of the variance of general fatigue (Adjusted squared R). Conclusion: With a part of this phenomenon being irritability, sadness, and lack of interest, untreated religious leaders who suffer from this condition pose a problem to effective leadership and themselves.

Many factors influence nurse migration. Perceived weakness of nursing leaders in advocating for nurses encourages their migration, as does the inability to influence decision-making and policy-making bodies. This paper examines The Influence of Nurse Managers’ Role and Leadership Style on Nurse Retention in Jamaica. Burn’s theory of Transformational Leadership is the theoretical framework used for this study. A phenomenological perspective in qualitative methodology was employed for the current work and adopted a phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants. Seven Nurse Managers constitute the population. Data were collected using interviews, and a thematic approach was used to analyse the data. The study found that transformational leadership style, motivational skills, good communication skills, and commitment to work influence nurse retention. The study concluded that, there needs to be on-going training and simulation workshops for nurse managers on nursing management and leadership styles. The study recommend that this study be replicated in other hospitals across Jamaica after conducting teaching sessions with the nurse managers as also conducted with registered nurses to understand their perspective of the phenomenon.

Faisalabad is the 3rd biggest city of Pakistan, it is also known as the Manchester of Pakistan, because it has biggest industries which produce yarn and clothes. Faisalabad contributes a lot of share in the growth of Pakistan. Faisalabad has more than 5 million populations and there is less work has been done in the history of Faisalabad. The aim of this article is to elaborate the socio-economic cultural and education legacy of Faisalabad. Being an author, I have been explained the overall culture trends of Faisalabad. This article is helpful for those scholars who want to research in the cultural aspects and history of Faisalabad.